Association of meat, vegetarian, pescatarian and fish-poultry diets with risk of 19 cancer sites and all cancer: findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study and meta-analysis - BMC Medicine

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Association of meat, vegetarian, pescatarian and fish-poultry diets with risk of 19 cancer sites and all cancer: findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study and meta-analysis - BMC Medicine
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Research published in BMCMedicine suggests that compared with meat-eaters, vegetarians and pescatarians had a lower risk of overall, colorectal, and prostate cancer.

]. Multimorbidity was self-reported at baseline. For this study, an average of up to five 24-h recalls was used. However, as the average of the 24-h recalls was not available for the whole UK Biobank population , the characteristics of individuals with data available for 24-hrs dietary recall is shown in Additional fileWe excluded people who had cancer diagnoses at baseline and people with missing data for all covariates studied and for the exposure of interest.

Associations between the types of diet and all cancer combined, and the individual cancer sites were investigated using Cox-proportional hazard models. Individuals who were classified as meat-eaters were used as the reference group. The time of follow-up was used as the time-dependent variable. The results were reported as hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals . The proportional hazard assumptions were checked using Schoenfeld residuals.

We ran four models for each outcome, including an increasing number of covariates: “model 0” unadjusted, “model 1” included sociodemographic covariates , “model 2” additionally included lifestyle factors , “model 3” additionally included multimorbidity and “model 4” additionally included BMI. The models for breast, ovarian, cervical, endometrial and uterine cancer were also adjusted for hormone replacement therapy and parity.

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