City lights might make Culex mosquitoes weaker over the summer but extend West Nile virus transmission risk in the fall - BugBitten

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City lights might make Culex mosquitoes weaker over the summer but extend West Nile virus transmission risk in the fall - BugBitten
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In a BugBitten blog post, Krisztian Magori discusses how city lights might make Culex mosquitoes weaker in summer, but stronger and active in fall, thus increasing the risk of West Nile virus transmission.

Artificial light at night is defined as any type of light produced by human-made sources that illuminates outdoor environments after sunset. Research has shown that exposure to artificial light at night can disrupt circadian rhythms, which can lead to sleep disorders, mood changes, and other health problems. Additionally, ALAN has been shown to have significant impacts on wildlife and their habitats, including changes in migration patterns and mating behavior.

Mosquitoes are attracted to artificial light sources, and their presence in lit areas can increase the risk of disease transmission. Additionally, exposure to ALAN can alter the behavior and biology of mosquitoes, potentially impacting their ability to locate hosts and mate. For example, a study by Sheppard and others found that exposure to artificial light at night reduced the biting rates of Anopheles mosquitoes and altered their circadian rhythm.

Diapause in Culex mosquitoes is regulated by the circadian rhythm, which is the internal biological clock that helps to synchronize physiological processes with the external environment. Photoperiod, or the length of daylight, is a key environmental cue that regulates the circadian rhythm and the onset of diapause in Culex mosquitoes. As the length of daylight decreases, the circadian rhythm of Culex mosquitoes is altered, leading to the induction of diapause.

In their recently published study, Matt Wolkoff, Lydia R Fyie, and Megan Meuti in the same lab further investigated the impact of ALAN on diapause in both diapausing and non-diapausing Culex mosquitoes . Both diapausing and non-diapausing mosquitoes were exposed to a single night of ALAN for 6 hours, or a normal dark night of 6 hours, after which they were kept in constant darkness for 2 days to measure their endogenous circadian activity without external day-light cycle.

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