COVID-19 can increase the risk of various autoimmune diseases; however, this risk appears to be mitigated by vaccination against COVID-19.
By Dr. Sanchari Sinha Dutta, Ph.D.Aug 21 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. A recent study published in eClinicalMedicine reports that the coronavirus disease 2019 can increase the risk of various autoimmune diseases; however, this risk appears to be mitigated by vaccination against COVID-19.
Many autoantibodies, including those targeting cyclic citrullinated peptide the nucleus, have been detected in COVID-19 patients. These autoantibodies are known biomarkers for several autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, inflammatory arthritis, Grave's disease, and Guillain-Barré syndrome . Based on COVID-19 testing results, the study population was categorized into COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. Appropriate statistical analyses were performed to estimate the risk of new-onset autoimmune diseases following COVID-19. Moreover, COVID-19 vaccinated participants were compared with unvaccinated participants to assess the protective efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines against autoimmune diseases.
COVID-19 patients were associated with an increased risk of developing pernicious anemia, spondyloarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune arthritis, psoriasis, pemphigoid, Graves' disease, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, immune mediated thrombocytopenia, multiple sclerosis, and vasculitis as compared to those without a history of COVID-19.
Among severe COVID-19 patients who required hospitalization, a higher risk of transverse myelitis and inflammatory bowel diseases was observed. However, non-hospitalized patients did not exhibit a similar increased risk of these condition.
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