'As in the pre-war era, society today is based on tiered membership, with some citizens granted fewer rights and more responsibilities than others.'
'During the pandemic, political and press attacks on benefit claimants – which had become increasingly strident over the previous decade - largely stopped'. PIC: PA
In the last 40 years, Britain’s benefit system for working age adults has become both increasingly mean and more and more coercive. Since 2010, around 8 million sanctions – or fines - have been issued against claimants often for minor breaches of DWP rules such as missing or being late for a job centre interview. According to the academic David Webster, the DWP was, in the mid-2010s, levying more fines than the criminal justice system.
Through much of its history, Britain has fallen short of a key test of an effective democracy – that all citizens should be treated by common standards. As in the pre-war era, society today is based on tiered membership, with some citizens granted fewer rights and more responsibilities than others. As George Orwell noted in 1941, Britain is like a family, with ‘rich relations who have to be kow-towed to, and poor relations who are horribly sat upon’. This heavily tiered system was weakened in the post-war decades as more national wealth was socialised, access to state help became a right of citizenship and some of the in-built economic bias to inequality was diluted.
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