Ecological and evolutionary implications of the sharing of metabolites between different microbes in the gut microbiome cellhostmicrobe YaleMed Yale microbiome microbe metabolite gut microbiota
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Apr 18 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Cross-feeding involves the exchange of nutrients and energy between different strains or species of microorganisms. In a recent Cell Host & Microbe review, scientists discuss the evolutionary and ecological implications of cross-feeding across trophic levels and their health outcomes.
Understanding cross-feeding is instrumental for determining the impact of the microbiome on host health. Cross-feeding shapes the composition of the microorganism community, its integrated metabolome, and its response to perturbation. when a microbe feeds on metabolites from other species and modifies the environment for the producer. Cooperative interactions are known as syntrophy, which includes obligately mutualistic metabolism.
Related StoriesIt is important to understand how microbial communities remain stable amidst cross-feeding interactions in the gut. This could be due to the ecological forces in the gut that cannot be assessed through experiments or computational models. Multiple hypotheses have been formulated to explain how cooperation stably exists in the gut microbiome.
Bacteroidales organisms present in the human gut have been identified as primary degraders and are essential players in the carbon food web. The three dominant genera of the first trophic level include Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, and Prevotella. For primary fermenters, amino acids act as an energy source by participating in central metabolism, wherein they provide nitrogen for transamination reactions and are essential nutrients for auxotrophs. In contrast to the carbon food web, the nitrogen web is driven by diverse microbial species, such as Fusobacterium, Clostridium, Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, and Peptostreptococci.
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