Females on average perform better than males on a 'theory of mind' test across 57 countries Cambridge_Uni PNASNews
Researchers found that females, on average, score higher than males on the widely used"Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test, which measures"theory ofProceedings of the National Academy of SciencesA fundamental part of human social interaction and communication involves putting ourselves in other people's shoes, to imagine another person's thoughts and feelings. This is known as"theory of mind" or"cognitive empathy.
The Eyes Test was first developed in 1997 by Professor Sir Simon Baron-Cohen and his research team at Cambridge, and was revised in 2001, and has become a well-established assessment of theory of mind. It is listed as one of two recommended tests for measuringin"Understanding Mental States" by the National Institute of Mental Health in the US.
The results showed that across the 57 countries, females on average scored significantly higher than males , or similar to males , on the Eyes Test. Importantly, there was no country where males on average scored significantly higher than females on the Eyes Test. The on-average sex difference was seen across the lifespan, from 16 to 70 years of age.
Although this study cannot discern the cause of this on-average sex difference, the authors discuss on the basis of prior research that this may be the result of both biological andProfessor Sir Simon Baron-Cohen, Director of the Autism Research Centre at Cambridge University, and senior author on the study, said,"Studies of on-average sex differences say nothing about an individual's mind or aptitudes, since an individual may be typical or atypical for their sex.
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