To understand the struggles of women in Iran, read Forough Farrokhzad’s poetry Image: Ebrahim Golestan
The struggle for female emancipation was powerfully articulated by Forough Farrokhzad, a 20th-century poet. She was born into a strict military family in Tehran in 1934; at the age of 16 she married a distant, much older relative and had a son. In 1954 the couple divorced and, in accordance with the law at that time, she lost custody of the child. Farrokhzad released her first collection of poetry, “Asir” , the following year.; the verses are shot through with religious language.
Farrokhzad saw that the repression of women was having a stultifying effect. Poets such as Rumi had imagined Persia as a thriving garden, yet she saw her country as “dying” and “waiting for rain”. In her final and most widely read collection, “Tavalodi Digar” , a blistering poem attacked self-satisfied elites who “suckle on our past glory”.
She released only four collections of poetry during her short life: she died in 1967, aged 32, in a car accident. Her work was potent enough to cause consternation more than a decade later, during the Islamic revolution of 1979. Religious clerics banned the dissemination of her poetry and, when Farrokhzad’s publisher refused to stop, he was thrown in jail.
Iranian artists have continued to evoke her verse when drawing attention to the oppression of women. For one photographic series called “Women of Allah” ,wrote lines from the poems on her subjects. In 2002 “The Green Cold”, a documentary about Farrokhzad’s life by Nasser Saffarian, was screened to sold-out audiences for three weeks before it was banned. In 2009, during the presidential-election protests, women etched lines from her poetry on placards when they took to the streets.
Last year New Directions, an American publisher, released a fresh translation of her selected poems. Her work is still read widely in Iran as old editions are sold on the black market. Farrokhzad remains a symbol of defiance. “Only you, O Iranian woman, have remained/In bonds of wretchedness, misfortune, and cruelty;/If you want these bonds broken,/grasp the skirt of obstinacy,” she wrote. “Take action because a world/awaits and is in tune with you.
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