High levels of exposure to the virus that causes COVID-19 may reduce or overcome the protection that vaccination and prior infection provides, according to a new study by researchers from Yale University, the University of Florida, and the Connecticut Department of Correction.
, suggest that in densely crowded settings, control measures that reduce levels of exposure to the virus—such as masking, improved ventilation, and distancing—may afford additional benefit in preventing new infections among people who have been vaccinated or previously infected.
Dr. Byron Kennedy, chief medical officer for the Connecticut Department of Correction and associate clinical professor at the Yale School of Public Health, added,"We had a unique opportunity to answer this question because the Department of Correction had mounted an intensive COVID-19 testing program and we were identifying and isolating infected individuals.
While the overall protection afforded by vaccination, prior infection, and hybrid immunity was lower during the epidemic wave with the more-transmissible omicron variant, the same pattern in the levels of protection was observed. Vaccination was 43% effective at preventing infection in residents without documented exposure, but was just 4% in residents who shared a cell with an infected person.
The majority of infections were detected by the Department of Correction's contact tracing program, which rapidly identified and tested contacts of infected individuals in cells and cell blocks."The success of contact tracing was a critical element in keeping our population safe in this high-risk congregate setting during the pandemic," said Kennedy.
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