How antiviral host responses create a lung environment susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections PLOSPathogens GeiselMed ucmerced antiviral lung microenvironment bacteria fungi infection disease
By Tarun Sai LomteMay 8 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. A recent study published in PLOS Pathogens discussed coinfections in the lungs and how viral infections create a favorable environment for bacteria and fungi.
Aftershocks of viral infections The physiologic outcomes of respiratory viral infections include altered respiratory function, epithelial damage, and delayed repair, while the immunologic effects are a little more complicated. A recent transcriptional analysis of samples from patients with influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis suggested disruptions in anti-fungal immunity, affecting epithelial barrier integrity, phagocytosis ability, and the capacity to destroy hyphae/conidia.
Immunologic aspects During infection, Aspergillus spp. go through three stages of growth – resting/dormant conidia, swollen conidia, and hyphae forming a biofilm. The host immune system employs different tools for each stage, and preventing hyphal growth remains the ultimate goal, which could be accomplished by conidial destruction. Alveolar macrophages are the first line of defense that ingest and kill conidia in the airways.
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