A new way to fight diseases? Stop viruses from stealing nutrients
Besides providing substrates to support metabolic hijacking by viruses, recent evidence has revealed a significant metabolic defence mechanism in response to infection. Metabolites produced by activation of central carbon metabolism have been shown to directly interfere with the initial steps of the life cycle of viruses. Such an ‘innate metabolic response’ intricately coordinates with the immune system to mount a robust and broad-spectrum antiviral response by engaging ISGs.
In this Review, I briefly highlight how metabolism impacts immune cell function and outline how cell surface proteins that have been historically studied for their metabolic roles can serve as viral receptors and entry factors. I examine the emerging evidence that shows the intricate relationship between metabolism, inflammasome activation and type I interferon signalling, and how these processes are at the centre of the battle between virus replication and host metabolic defences.
The endocrine effects of metabolites produced in tissues in response to infections have only recently been examined. I discuss how dysfunctional tissue-specific metabolism during viral infections is likely to impact systemic metabolic homeostasis and long-term diseases, and how metabolic markers are being explored for prognostic purposes.
Although the outcome of viral infections may be influenced by external environment and physiological and neuroendocrine responses, this Review focusses on evidence to support a central role for a ‘metabolic response’ in regulating viral control and disease outcomes.It is well established that rapid activation of the metabolic machinery occurs in CD8T cells in response to T cell receptor triggering during antigen presentation.
Belgique Dernières Nouvelles, Belgique Actualités
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