Multiple studies have demonstrated the memory-enhancing effects of melatonin and its derivatives in animal models. It is also known that the formation of both short- and long-term memories require the phosphorylation of certain memory-related proteins.
Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLMAug 21 2023 However, the molecular mechanisms underlying melatonin-induced memory enhancement have remained elusive. Now, medical researchers from Sophia University, Japan, have made important findings that contribute significantly to the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms in a recent article that was made available online on 10 May 2023 and published in Volume 34 Issue 9 of NeuroReport on 7 June 2023.
In simpler terms, the research team, which included Dr. Masahiro Sano and Dr. Hikaru Iwashita , examined the effects of three compounds on memory formation; these compounds were melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland located in the brain; N1-acetyl-5-methoxyquinuramine , melatonin's biological metabolite; and ramelteon, a drug that binds and activates the melatonin receptor.
Long-term memory formation in male mice was assessed by conducting a series of experiments based on the novel objection recognition task or "NORT." In this study, laboratory mice under investigation were first acclimated to an experimental arena for 5 minutes per day for three consecutive days. On the fourth day, two identical objects were placed in the experimental arena and mice were allowed to explore these objects for 5 minutes .
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