Merging Technologies to Tackle Brain Tumors Yale cancer nanomedicine nanoparticle tumor
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Feb 16 2023Reviewed by Megan Craig, M.Sc. This newly developed technique targets multiple factors associated with GBM progression and invasiveness. The findings were published in Science Advances.
Conventional treatment of GBM includes surgery, followed by radio-and-chemo-therapy. Notably, temozolomide , a chemotherapy treatment in combination with radiotherapy has improved survival rate by two years. Mechanistically, miR-10b increases GBM growth by negatively regulating transcription factor AP-2γ , cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor I expression, BCL2 interacting mediator of death , and tumor suppressor cyclin-dependent kinase 2A inhibitor . Similarly, GBM invasiveness is increased by up-regulated miR-21 levels.
Alternatively, knocking down miR-21 decreases GBM advancement and invasion. This treatment also reduces GBM cell’s chemoresistance to TMZ and taxol. The available GBM therapeutics mainly target a single oncomiR, which has shown reduced efficacy. Typically, PNAs bind to targeted miRNAs via a complementary DNA base pairing system, and this structure is enzymatically stable. However, compared to classical PNAs, serine-gamma PNAs , with specific modification at the γ position, exhibit superior binding affinity, physicochemical features, and specificity. Previous studies have also indicated that anti-seed sγPNAs are clinically more translatable with minimal toxicity.
In this study, PLA-HPG-CHO BNPs were loaded with two sγPNAs, one bound to miR-10b and the other to miR-21. The Gel shift assays showed the binding of the synthesized sγPNAs with the respective miR. This finding indicated that the newly designed sγPNAs were highly specific and had a strong affinity for target oncomiRs.
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Mapping of morpho-electric features to molecular identity of cortical inhibitory neuronsAuthor summary The computational abilities of the brain arise from its organization principles at the cellular level. One of these principles is the neuronal type composition over different regions. Since computational functions of neurons are best described by their morphological and electrophysiological properties, it is logical to use morpho-electrically defined cell types to describe brain composition. However, characterizing morpho-electrical properties of cells involve low-throughput techniques not very well suited to scan the whole brain. Thanks to recent progress on transcriptomic and immuno-staining techniques we are now able to get a more accurate snapshot of the mouse brain composition for molecularly defined cell types. How to link molecularly defined cell types with morpho-electrical cell types remains an open question. Several studies have explored this problem providing valuable three-modal datasets combining electrical, morphological and molecular properties of cortical neurons. The long-term goal of the Blue Brain Project (BBP) is to accurately model the mouse’s whole brain, which requires detailed biophysical models of neurons. Instead of going through the time-consuming process of producing detailed models from the three-modal datasets, we explored a time-saving method. We mapped the already available detailed morpho-electrical models from the BBP rat dataset to cells from a three-modal mouse dataset. We thus assigned a molecular identity to the neuron models allowing us to populate the whole mouse cortex with detailed neuron models.
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Tottenham defender Romero criticised after Milan goal but then avoids red card for tackleCristian Romero was criticised for his role in AC Milan’s early goal, but was perhaps fortunate to escape a red card later in the match. Spurs travelled to the San Siro to face the Italian gi…
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Bing users have already broken its new ChatGPT brainBing's new chatbot is already starting to sound like HAL 9000.
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Frontiers | Neuroplasticity in F16 fighter jet pilotsExposure to altered g-levels causes unusual sensorimotor demands that must be dealt with by the brain. This study aimed to investigate whether fighter pilots, who are exposed to frequent g-level transitions and high g-levels, show differential functional characteristics compared to matched controls, indicative of neuroplasticity. We acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to assess brain functional connectivity (FC) changes with increasing flight experience in pilots and to assess differences in FC between pilots and controls. We performed whole-brain exploratory and region-of-interest (ROI) analyses, with the right parietal operculum 2 (OP2) and the right angular gyrus (AG) as ROIs. Our results show positive correlations with flight experience in the left inferior and right middle frontal gyri, and in the right temporal pole. Negative correlations were observed in primary sensorimotor regions. We found decreased whole-brain FC of the left inferior frontal gyrus in fighter pilots compared to controls and this cluster showed decreased FC with the medial superior frontal gyrus. FC increased between the right OP2 and the left visual cortex, and between the right left AG in pilots compared to controls. These findings suggest altered motor, vestibular, and multisensory processing in the brains of fighter pilots, possibly reflecting coping strategies to altered sensorimotor demands during flight. Altered FC in frontal areas may reflect adaptive cognitive strategies to cope with challenging conditions during flight. These findings provide novel insights into brain functional characteristics of fighter pilots, which may be of interest to humans traveling to space.
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Boston-Based Vertex Aims to Tackle Sickle Cell Disease, Inspire StudentsResearchers at a Boston pharmaceutical company hope to make sickle cell disease — a blood disorder that disproportionately affects Black people — more manageable for patients. Vertex Pharmaceuticals says it is trying to use gene editing to restore impacted blood cells and reduce symptoms. And the scientists working on the solution hope their actions will help inspire a new generation…
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Computational modeling sheds light on human cognition and the origins of brain disordersResearchers from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) used computational modeling to uncover mutations in the human genome that likely influenced the evolution of human cognition. This groundbreaking research in human genomics could lead to a better understanding of human health and the discovery of novel treatments for complex brain disorders. The study is published in Science Advances.
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