For nearly two hours, China’s supreme leader instructed Communist Party members to face challenges at home with a fighting spirit, and to seize strategic opportunities in a shifting international balance of power
are held twice a decade. National congresses set high-level doctrine and select a new slate of party leaders for a five-year term. This time, the stakes are unusually high. That is true for Mr Xi, who is set to emerge with his mandate extended for a precedent-trampling third term—and perhaps for life—and wielding more personal and ideological authority than any ruler since Chairman Mao Zedong.
Business and political elites know that China’s global image has suffered during the past few years, at least in liberal Western democracies. Foreign alarm at China is directly linked to its assertiveness, as pugnacious Chinese diplomats reject criticism of their country’s iron-fisted ways, and the Chinese government uses economic coercion to bully or punish countries that displease it. This has stoked distrust that is changing views of China’s reliability as a trade partner and supplier.
Work reports to a party congress do not discuss current events such as the Ukraine war: they are high-level texts drafted over months. Still, this year’s restates a long-standing Chinese charge that a peaceful world order is undermined by American defence alliances in Europe and Asia, or what the report coyly calls “exclusive groups targeted against particular countries”.
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