Novel vaccine lowers LDL cholesterol independent of statins

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Novel vaccine lowers LDL cholesterol independent of statins
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The effectiveness of virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines targeting epitopes in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor.

By Tarun Sai LomteOct 2 2023Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM In a recent study published in npj Vaccines, researchers evaluated the effectiveness of virus-like particle -based vaccines targeting epitopes in the low-density lipoprotein receptor domain of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 .

LDL-R removes LDL-C from circulation and is recycled to the plasma membrane once LDL-C is metabolized. PCSK9 is a secretory protein that inhibits and mediates the lysosomal degradation of LDL-R. Mice, heterozygous for Ldlrtm1Her mutation, that express high serum cholesterol but low function LDL-R were used to study vaccine effects. A small subset of LDLR+/- mice received three doses of 5 μg mPCSK9153-163 VLPs, mPCSK9207-223 VLPs, or wild-type Qβ VLPs . Additionally, a large subset of mice received the bivalent vaccine comprising 5 μg each of mPCSK9153-163 and mPCSK9207-223 VLPs.

Livers were harvested from bivalent vaccine recipients and controls to measure LDL-R. LDL-R expression increased by about 50% in bivalent vaccine recipients compared to controls. The macaques also received simvastatin from days 77 to 105 to evaluate if stains had synergistic effects. Additionally, they were boosted four weeks before the necropsy.

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