Prenatal household air pollution linked to reduced birth weight and increased infant pneumonia risk Prenatal AirPollution BirthWeight Pneumonia PublicHealth env_int_journal
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Jun 25 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Pre-term birth and low birth weight are the two most common causes of infant death. Many children below five years of age are vulnerable to acute lower respiratory infection , which could manifest severe illness.
Background There remains a lack of studies that have determined the stove intervention type and timing of intervention, such as prenatal or early childhood, that could reduce the generation of HAP and alleviate its associated risks. Nevertheless, several studies have established a relationship between higher prenatal HAP exposure, higher pneumonia risk, and lower birth weight.
Another study conducted in Guatemala, known as the Randomized Exposure Study of Pollution Indoors and Respiratory Effects , revealed that no difference in birth weight was observed between pregnant women subjected to a plancha-type stove with chimney ventilation or open fire for 12 months. Many other studies, including the multi-country Household Air Pollution Intervention Network trial, reported similar findings.
About the study A recent Environment International study used the GRAPHS cohort with maternal repeated data on CO exposure during pregnancy to investigate temporal associations between prenatal HAP exposure and birth weight and pneumonia risks in infants during the first year of life. Each study participant was at a gestational age of 24 weeks or less, had a singleton fetus, and was a non-smoker. At baseline, a total of 1,414 pregnant women were randomly assigned to an improved biomass stove, the LPG stove, or traditional, open-fire stove arms, the latter of which served as the control.
The study findings strongly suggest the importance of prenatal HAP exposure on infant health. According to the identification of the sensitive windows of HAP exposure, prenatal CO exposure in early to mid-gestation was associated with lower birth weight, whereas prenatal CO exposure in later gestation was linked with an increased risk of severe pneumonia and pneumonia in females.
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