A study in GenomeBiology finds that protein length distribution is a remarkably consistent feature across species. This is in contrast to other genomic features, suggesting that protein length may be subject to unique evolutionary constraints.
]. In this context, the length distribution of proteins could be the result of an optimization process whereby adding new domains may contribute to functional flexibility, albeit at an energy cost for the cell, with diminishing returns.
], making them easier to regulate than longer genes. A full exploration of these hypotheses is beyond the scope of this article.Our comprehensive survey of 2326 species has demonstrated that protein length distribution is a remarkably consistent feature across species. This finding stands in stark contrast to other genomic features and suggests that protein length may be subject to unique evolutionary constraints.
Moving forward, our results invoke intriguing questions about the underlying mechanisms shaping gene repertoire evolution, and future studies will be needed to explore the causes of this unexpected consistency.Data regarding genomic features of all species were extracted from the August 2020 release of the OMA Database []. It consists of 2326 species: 485 eukaryotes, 153 archaea, and 1688 bacteria.
: Genome length data is not available in OMA and not easily obtainable due to the heterogeneity of different data sources. We estimated the genome size by adding for each chromosome or contig, the difference between the 3′-most position of the 3′-most genes and the 5′-most position of the 5′-most gene. This is an estimate that systemically underestimates the real genome length, but is likely to be of a similar order of magnitude.
], as the isoform with the highest sequence match compared to orthologous sequences across all species. For each gene, the values for the gene-centric metrics were obtained as follows:: The length of the string representing the amino-acid sequence of the protein stored in OMA.: The difference between the 3′-most position of the gene and the 5′-most position of the gene, as sorted in OMA. These positions account for untranslated regions.
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