Researchers describe molecular signalling regulated by mTOR among memory and exhausted cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes.
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaAug 18 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in adaptive immunity, primarily defending against tumors and viruses. These cells develop within the thymus gland and undergo rapid activation upon encountering an antigen.
Study: Regulation of CD8+ T memory and exhaustion by the mTOR signals. Image Credit: fusebulb / Shutterstock.com T-cell receptor stimulation is the major cause of T lymphocyte exhaustion, with exhausted cells constituting a unique cytotoxic subset. Tex cells produce lower levels of cytokines and fewer cytotoxic effector molecules.
Effector cells primarily undergo aerobic glycolysis, while memory cytotoxic T-cells exhibit enhance OXPHOS and fatty acid oxidation. Chronic infection or tumorigenesis impairs major metabolic pathways, thereby making Tex cells highly dependent on glycolysis. MPECs differentiate to form central memory T , residential memory T , and effector memory T lymphocytes. The Sin1/mTORC2 complex may directly regulate the GATOR1-KICSTOR complex, controlling cell growth, metabolism, immune responses, and tumorigenesis.
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