Researchers identify regions of the viral envelope of simian foamy viruses targeted by neutralizing antibodies PLOSPathogens institutpasteur univ_paris_cite virus virology antibody antibodies viral
By Tarun Sai LomteApr 26 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. A recent study published in PLOS Pathogens characterized epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies from individuals infected with simian foamy virus .
The study and findings In the present study, researchers determined the SFV SUvar epitopes recognized by nAbs from infected hunters in Central Africa. Neutralization assays were performed to define nAb epitopes in the presence of a recombinant SU competing with SU on the Env of foamy viral vector particles.
CISU and GIISU inhibited the nAbs in genotype-matched samples but not in genotype-mismatched samples. The researchers noted that immunoadhesins did not completely block nAbs and speculated that this might be due to the lack of epitopes in the quaternary structure and the monomeric states. Therefore, they evaluated the effect of mammalian-type glycosylation and oligomerization of SUs in blocking nAbs.
Furthermore, three loops from the upper subdomain in GIISU were individually removed and evaluated. Deleting the L3 loop blocked all GII-specific samples except one, albeit with lower affinity. L2/L3 deletion had different plasma sample-dependent effects. In the lower subdomain, mutating residues in the heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan-binding site had a modest impact on nAb activity.
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