SARS-CoV-2 infection enhances vaccine-induced immunological memory against spike protein Coronavirus Disease COVID Protein SARSCoV2 SpikeProtein Vaccine ScienceTM UnivLyon1CNRS UniversiteLyon Inserm
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaMar 22 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent study published in the journal Science Translational Medicine, researchers in France perform a longitudinal follow-up assessment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike glycoprotein-specific immunological memory among unvaccinated and vaccinated coronavirus disease 2019 convalescents, as well as COVID-19-naïve vaccinees.
Evaluating immune responses induced by prior COVID-19 and subsequent vaccinations could improve the understanding of how this hybrid immunity contributes to immunological memory. Furthermore, this information could aid in identifying high-risk individuals to be prioritized for booster vaccinations against COVID-19.
The occurrence of breakthrough infections was monitored based on the rebound of SARS-CoV-2 S receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G titers using SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays. The researchers also examined serological memory B lymphocyte parameters such as avidity, neutralization potential, and titers of antibodies against the S protein subunit 1 and S RBD proteins.
Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the anti-RBD memory B lymphocyte compartment. Anti-RBD memory B lymphocyte trafficking and expression patterns were assessed based on α4β1, α4β7, β1/β7 integrins, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen , C-C chemokine receptor -4,7, 9, and CD62L. Matrix analysis was performed to determine the correlation between cellular and serological anti-S memory B lymphocyte markers.
Median antibody titers, which are expressed as binding antibody unit /mL, among vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents for single BNT162b2 vaccination, double BNT162b2 vaccination, and single ChAdOx vaccination were 1,214, 1,193, and 851 BAU/mL, respectively. Similar findings were observed in the HAE model, irrespective of anti-RBD IgG titers. Anti-RBD antibodies had higher avidity among vaccinees than among unvaccinated COVID-19 convalescents, irrespective of prior COVID-19 history.
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