Following more than seven years of research, researchers at the University of Seville-IBiS (Institute of Biomedicine of Seville) have identified a new key cell type with a critical role in the developmental processes of memory and learning.
Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLMAug 31 2023 This breakthrough has been published in the prestigious journal Nature Neuroscience.
Microglia have historically been defined as the macrophages of the brain, and as such belong to the innate immune system. However, it is a very dynamic cell and it is becoming increasingly clear that this group also plays a decisive role in very important functions of the central nervous system: in brain connectivity, in neurogenesis regulation [the appearance of new neurons], in neuronal excitability regulation, etc.".
Discovering ARG1+ microglia In this study the international research team led by the Institute of Environmental Medicine at Karolinska University in Sweden and the University of Seville in Spain have described how a particular subset of microglia express the enzyme Arginase-1. For this reason, the group of cells has been named ARG1+ microglia.
"It is strongly affected when suffering from Alzheimer's disease. In fact, most of the newly identified risk genes for Alzheimer's disease are very precisely associated with microglia." As the professor points out, this relationship could reveal a correlation between ARG1+ microglia and the onset of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
From accidental discovery to the future fight against Alzheimer's disease This research is the fruit of seven years of work and represents, in the words of the researcher, "an enormous collective effort in which different national and international groups have participated."
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