A study conducted among the Iranian population and published in BMCPublicHealth finds that poor sleep quality is a common issue in middle-aged adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The authors suggest more studies to clarify the causality.
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. Most associations appeared consistent across subgroups, in particular for restless legs syndrome, use of sleeping pills, and waking-up time. For sleep efficiency, the associations varied by age, being substantially stronger in older participants , and by BMI, being stronger in obese participants . Male participants who reported daytime napping were 27% more likely to have NAFLD but no association was observed in females , P-heterogeneity = 0.007.
Table 3 Interaction between sleeping characteristics and the factors in association with NAFLD using likelihood ratio testOur study examined the association between NAFLD and several sleep-related variables, including sleep duration and efficiency, wake-up and bed time, and variables indicative of poor sleep such as falling sleep unintentionally, having restless legs syndrome, and using sleeping pills, in a large cohort of ethnically-diverse middle-aged Iranian men and women.
The strengths of our study were i) its large sample size, including 1,320 NAFLD cases drawn from a population-based cohort, ii) the clinical diagnosis of NAFLD made by ultrasonography; and iii) the adjustment for an extensive collection of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical/biochemical variables. Our study also has several limitations.
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Frontiers | Seasonality of human sleep: Polysomnographic data of a neuropsychiatric sleep clinicWhile short-term effects of artificial light on human sleep are increasingly being studied, reports on long-term effects induced by season are scarce. Assessments of subjective sleep length over the year suggest a substantially longer sleep period during winter. Our retrospective study aimed to investigate seasonal variation in objective sleep measures in a cohort of patients living in an urban environment. In 2019, a three-night polysomnography was performed on 292 patients with neuropsychiatric sleep disturbances. Measures of the diagnostic second nights were averaged per month and analyzed over the year. Patients were advised to sleep “as usual” including timing, except alarm clocks were not allowed. Exclusion criteria: administration of psychotropic agents known to influence sleep (N=96), REM-sleep latency |120 min (N=5), technical failure (N=3). Included were 188 patients: (46.6±15.9yrs [mean±SD]; range 17-81yrs; 52%female); most common sleep-related diagnoses: insomnia (N=108), depression (N=59) and sleep-related breathing disorders (N=52). Analyses showed: 1. total sleep time (TST) longer during winter than summer (up to 60min; not significant); 2. REM-sleep latency shorter during autumn than spring (about 25min, p=.010); 3. REM-sleep longer during winter than spring (about 30min, p=.009, 5% of TST, p=.011); 4. slow-wave-sleep stable winter to summer (about 60–70min) with 30-50min shorter during autumn (not significant; 10% of TST, p=.017). Data suggest seasonal variation in sleep architecture even when living in an urban environment in patients with disturbed sleep. If replicated in a healthy population, this would provide first evidence for a need to adjust sleep habits to season.
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