Scientists led by a team from Duke-NUS Medical School have identified three distinct serotypes of SARS-related coronaviruses, marking the need for vaccines that can provide broad-spectrum protection against them.
, suggests that immunity from vaccination or prior infection by one serotype may be ineffective against another or against new variants. This is because while the viruses of different serotypes can be genetically similar, they function and affect our immune system differently.
Previous analyses had been conducted using samples from only animals or vaccinated people. These were therefore not as accurate or relevant in determining how different viruses affect the human immune system. The scientists determined that one serotype comprises the SARS-CoV-1 virus . SARS-CoV-2 and its delta and beta variants make up the second serotype. While the omicron subvariants originated from SARS-CoV-2, they have evolved functionally to become a distinct group and make up the third serotype. This is supported by data showing that serum from people infected with SARS-CoV-2 was not able to neutralize viruses from its omicron subvariants or even from SARS-CoV-1.
"The strong selective pressure driven by population immunity favors the emergence of new virus variants. Omicron variants are distinct from their ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus and can be regarded as a distinct group in the context of antibody immune responses. This implies that pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 immunity is insufficient to prevent current and future infections," said co-first author Dr.
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