Researchers have created a new battery chemistry, a fluorine-containing electrolyte, which remains efficient in sub-zero temperatures, addressing the issue of charging electric vehicles in cold climates.
In current lithium ion batteries, the main problem lies in the liquid electrolyte. This key battery component transfers charge-carrying particles called ions between the battery’s two electrodes, causing the battery to charge and discharge. But the liquid begins to freeze at sub freezing temperatures. This condition severely limits the effectiveness of charging electric vehicles in cold regions and seasons.
This low-temperature electrolyte shows promise of working for batteries in electric vehicles, as well as in energy storage for electric grids and consumer electronics like computers and phones. The problem is that in cold temperatures, the electrolyte with carbonate solvents begins to freeze. As a result, it loses the ability to transport lithium ions into the anode on charge. This is because the lithium ions are so tightly bound within the solvent clusters. Hence, these ions require much higher energy to evacuate their clusters and penetrate the interface layer than at room temperature. For that reason, scientists have been searching for a better solvent.
Zhang noted, “Our research thus demonstrated how to tailor the atomic structure of electrolyte solvents to design new electrolytes for sub-zero temperatures.”
Belgique Dernières Nouvelles, Belgique Actualités
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