A Review published in Cancer Cell International discusses the mechanisms of action and regulation of long non-coding RNAs and their role in regulating immune checkpoints.
]. Thus, MALAT1 promoted progression of NSCLC by regulating miR-200a-3p/PD-L1 axis. Chronic exposure to arsenic can cause lung cancer. Arsenic induced BEAS-2B transformation was used as a model system to study the upregulation of PD-L1 by arsenic. Experimental data suggested that lncRNA LNC-DC and signal transduction and transcription activator 3 mediate up-regulation of PD-L1 by arsenic [LncRNA CASC11 was upregulated in HCC tissues and associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC.
By integrating and analyzing the multiple databases, nine lncRNAs and five miRNAs were found to be significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues of recurrent patients. Among them, SNHG3, LINC00205, ASF1B, AURKB, CCNB1, CDKN3 and DTL were also closely correlated with HCC grade and stage, and significantly correlated with poor disease-free survival . Overexpression of SNHG3 can inhibit miR-214-3p expression, resulting in upregulation of its downstream target gene ASF1B.
]. LncRNA nuclear-enriched autosomal transcript 1 and TIM-3 was highly expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with HCC. Down-regulation of NEAT1 inhibited apoptosis of CD8T cell against HCC cells through the miR-155/TIM-3 pathway.
]. Ting Ye et al. found the expression level of MIAT in breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues or adjacent tissues. MIAT expression was significantly correlated with 13 types of TIICs . What’s more, higher expression of MIAT exhibited better immunotherapy effect.
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Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: MRI features and their association with survival - Cancer ImagingObjective To evaluate MRI features of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and their association with survival. Methods This retrospective single-center study included 59 patients with sarcomatoid RCC who underwent MRI before nephrectomy during July 2003–December 2019. Three radiologists reviewed MRI findings of tumor size, non-enhancing areas, lymphadenopathy, and volume (and percentage) of T2 low signal intensity areas (T2LIA). Clinicopathological factors of age, gender, ethnicity, baseline metastatic status, pathological details (subtype and extent of sarcomatoid differentiation), treatment type, and follow-up were extracted. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to identify factors associated with survival. Results Forty-one males and eighteen females (median age 62 years; interquartile range 51–68) were included. T2LIAs were present in 43 (72.9%) patients. At univariate analysis, clinicopathological factors associated with shorter survival were: greater tumor size (| 10 cm; HR [hazard ratio] = 2.44, 95% CI 1.15–5.21; p = 0.02), metastatic lymph nodes (present; HR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.01–4.37; p = 0.04), extent of sarcomatoid differentiation (non-focal; HR = 3.30, 95% CI 1.55–7.01; p 3.2 mL, HR = 4.22, 95% CI 1.92–9.29); p | 0.01). At multivariate analysis, metastatic disease (HR = 6.89, 95% CI 2.79–16.97; p | 0.01), other subtypes (HR = 9.50, 95% CI 2.81–32.13; p | 0.01), and greater volume of T2LIA (HR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.04–6.05; p = 0.04) remained independently associated with worse survival. Conclusion T2LIAs were present in approximately two thirds of sarcomatoid RCCs. Volume of T2LIA along with clinicopathological factors were associated with survival.
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'Dead zone' within tumor promotes cancer spread, helped by a protein secreted by cancer cellsA tumor's necrotic core contains factors that appear to promote metastasis, or the seeding of tumors cells throughout the body, according to a new study in rats by researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center.
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ShrinkCRISPR: a flexible method for differential fitness analysis of CRISPR-Cas9 screen data - BMC BioinformaticsBackground CRISPR screens provide large-scale assessment of cellular gene functions. Pooled libraries typically consist of several single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) per gene, for a large number of genes, which are transduced in such a way that every cell receives at most one sgRNA, resulting in the disruption of a single gene in that cell. This approach is often used to investigate effects on cellular fitness, by measuring sgRNA abundance at different time points. Comparing gene knockout effects between different cell populations is challenging due to variable cell-type specific parameters and between replicates variation. Failure to take those into account can lead to inflated or false discoveries. Results We propose a new, flexible approach called ShrinkCRISPR that can take into account multiple sources of variation. Impact on cellular fitness between conditions is inferred by using a mixed-effects model, which allows to test for gene-knockout effects while taking into account sgRNA-specific variation. Estimates are obtained using an empirical Bayesian approach. ShrinkCRISPR can be applied to a variety of experimental designs, including multiple factors. In simulation studies, we compared ShrinkCRISPR results with those of drugZ and MAGeCK, common methods used to detect differential effect on cell fitness. ShrinkCRISPR yielded as many true discoveries as drugZ using a paired screen design, and outperformed both drugZ and MAGeCK for an independent screen design. Although conservative, ShrinkCRISPR was the only approach that kept false discoveries under control at the desired level, for both designs. Using data from several publicly available screens, we showed that ShrinkCRISPR can take data for several time points into account simultaneously, helping to detect early and late differential effects. Conclusions ShrinkCRISPR is a robust and flexible approach, able to incorporate different sources of variations and to test for differential effect on cell fitness at the gene l
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Study supports the concept of atherosclerosis as a T-cell autoimmune disease targeting the arterial wallStudy supports the concept of atherosclerosis as a T-cell autoimmune disease targeting the arterial wall NatureCVR LMU_Muenchen atherosclerosis Tcell autoimmune artery immune immunity disease
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Research team delivers a new first in heart failure treatment using cell therapyPhysician-scientists at The Texas Heart Institute announced today the results of the largest cell therapy trial to date in patients with chronic heart failure due to low ejection fraction. The therapy benefited patients by improving the heart's pumping ability, as measured by ejection fraction, and reducing the risk of heart attack or stroke, especially in patients who have high levels of inflammation. Also, a strong signal was found in the reduction of cardiovascular death in patients treated with cells. The findings are published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
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International salon announces new shop in Nottingham city centreThe rapidly expanding high-end brand will open in the next few weeks
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