The current evidence of the intricate relationship between orexin, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and appetite.
By Neha MathurAug 24 2023Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM In a recent review published in the Nutrients Journal, researchers examined the current evidence of the intricate relationship between orexin, rapid eye movement sleep, and appetite.
It is primarily synthesized in the lateral hypothalamus and is well-recognized to inhibit REM sleep and promote wakefulness, but the latter to a lesser extent; additionally, orexin regulates feeding behavior. Thus, dysregulation of orexin-producing neurons could lead to metabolic disorders. e.g., diabetes, by promoting food-seeking behavior and stimulating food intake. Orexin also interacts with leptin, a hormone regulating satiety and energy expenditure, to regulate feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. Similarly, it interacts with insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells to affect glucose homeostasis.
Studies have also shown that orexin levels are highest immediately after sleep onset, decline throughout the night, and rise again after waking. In other words, orexin levels in the body do not promote alertness but inhibit REM sleep. Individuals with narcolepsy might be hypophagic, i.e., they have suppressed food ingestion. Yet, due to disruptions in their orexin system, they might consume more food and gain weight.
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