The trauma of war has led Ukrainians, even those brought up in Russian, to switch languages en masse
Save time by listening to our audio articles as you multitaskThe Latvian- and Russian-language school systems were like “oil and water”, says Arvils Aseradens, the leader of Latvia’s governing party. Latvians learned Russian as part of their curriculum, but Russians hardly bothered with Latvian. After occupying Latvia in 1940, the Soviet regime brought over hundreds of thousands of Russians in a drive to militarise and industrialise the Soviet republic. It also sought to dilute Latvian culture.
Latvians are frank about the reason: Russia’s brutal war on Ukraine. Latvians observe that the world now knows what it and the other Baltic republics have long been saying—that Russia will kill to get its old imperial possessions back. The countries that the Soviet Union most heavily Russified—Latvia, Estonia and Ukraine—were often tolerant towards their Russian-speakers after independence. Estonia and Latvia required knowledge of the national languages for citizenship; many Russian-speakers never learned them, leaving large numbers stateless. But despite efforts to encourage bilingualism, in all three countries it was possible to live a life almost entirely in Russian.
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