What is nuclear fusion and it and how does it work?
In February, European scientists at the UK-based JET laboratoryBut even the successful NIF experiment in the US did not produce more energy than was needed to needed to make the lasers work in the first place - and the research programme to get to this point has cost billions of dollars.
Although physicists have welcomed the US results - and described them as a true breakthrough moment - they point out that much more work is needed before nuclear fusion could be used to power homes or businesses.How safe is nuclear fusion?The conditions required to start and maintain a fusion reaction are so extreme that it is impossible for it to run out of control.
"Fusion is a self-limiting process: if you cannot control the reaction, the machine switches itself off," explained the IAEA's Sehila González de Vicente. The lower level of radiative waste produced by the process compared to nuclear fission is also much easier to handle and store.Nuclear fusion does not rely on fossil fuels like oil or gas, and produces none of the greenhouse gases which drive global warming.It uses two relatively abundant materials found on Earth: lithium and hydrogen.
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