Ogilvie's syndrome, also referred to as acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, or ACPO is a distinct type of colonic dilatation.
Case reports Ogilvie's syndrome, also referred to as acute colonic pseudo-obstruction or ACPO, is a distinct type of colonic dilatation.
Cause, risk factors and symptoms The development of Ogilvie's syndrome is unpredictable, and there are no specific causes; nonetheless, various clinical factors can place a patient at increased risk. Comorbidities related to electrolyte imbalance or polypharmacy, low underlying functional status, or immobility, are significantly associated.
It is hypothesized that the activity of stimulatory neurotransmitters, particularly acetylcholine, is lower than that of inhibitory neurotransmitters such as nitrous oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptides. Independent enteric nervous system malfunction, as well as intrinsic enteric reflex arcs and pacemaker activity, all play a role, but to what extent is unknown.
Related StoriesOgilvie's syndrome most commonly affects the cecum and right colon, however, it can affect any section or all of the colon. Diameters greater than 14 cm are thought to be associated with a high risk of perforation. The most significant complications are perforation and intestinal ischemia, which necessitate frequent intervention.
In the emergency room, a CT scan of the abdomen revealed a significantly swollen colon with fluid and gas extending to the rectum. The patients' distention significantly improved, albeit for a limited duration. Eventually, the distention returned in full force, leading to the diagnosis of Ogilvie syndrome.
Ogilvie Syndrome | Pseudo-Obstruction of the Large Intestine: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentPlay Diagnosis and treatment Before a diagnosis of ACPO can be made, a complete examination, including contrast imaging, is required. The preferred diagnostic modality is a CT scan with oral and intravenous contrast. Laboratory tests and appropriate imaging are essential to the thorough diagnosis and management.
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