Symptoms of the body and the mind found to be frequent fellow travelers regenstrief jamanetworkopen
What the authors found was that improvements in pain and physical function were associated with improvement in anxiety but not in depression. However, quite large improvements in pain and physical function were required for meaningful improvements in anxiety. For example, a 12-point improvement in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pain Interference score was required for a clinically meaningful improvement of 3 points in the PROMIS Anxiety score.
which is more than double what is considered a meaningful change in pain and, frankly, difficult to achieve with most pain interventions.include a very large sample size , multiple longitudinal assessments per patient, use of well-validated PROMIS scales for both physical and psychological domains that are all normed on the same standardized T score, and sophisticated longitudinal analyses. The authors also acknowledged several limitations.
The key outcomes modeled in this study were depression and anxiety which on average were not elevated at baseline but instead close to the population norm. Furthermore, mean scores increased substantially over the course of the study, with final anxiety scores being 12 points higher than baseline scores, and final depression scores being 8 points higher.
Previous longitudinal studies have reached varying conclusions on whether there is a reciprocal association between changes in pain and depression. One study found a bidirectional influence of pain and depression on one another.
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