Investigating the role of T-cell immunity in long COVID SciReports Tcell cell longcovid covid coronavirus immunity
By Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc.Jul 13 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. A recent study published in Scientific Reports investigates the persistence of symptoms and the immune response in patients recovering from the coronavirus disease 2019 .
Many studies have reported a relationship between COVID-19 and T-cell immunity, as well as a correlation between symptom duration and antigen-driven T-cell responses to the viral spike protein. Thus, a T-cell assay to assess the duration of immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of long COVID, as well as the effectiveness of current vaccines.
Approximately one year after blood samples were collected, a telephone survey was conducted to assess the presence and duration of persistent symptoms in recovered patients. The evaluated symptoms included fatigue, alopecia, cough, dyspnea, and dysgeusia. Related StoriesSerological testing was conducted using plasma samples obtained from the blood samples. Levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific S immunoglobulin G , N-IgG, various cytokines including interleukin 6 , IL-10, IL-18, as well as chemokine ligand 9 , chemokine ligand 3 , and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured using an immune analyzer.
To explore the factors associated with persistent COVID-19 symptoms, the researchers examined various parameters in COVID-19-recovered patients. To this end, D-dimer levels were high in the moderate/severe group as compared to the asymptomatic/mild group. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in other clinical parameters or time from diagnosis to collection of blood samples.
A hierarchical cluster analysis examined the relationship between the various factors measured in the study and prevalence of symptoms. No significant associations were found between antibody levels, cytokine profiles, and symptom count.
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