A Review published in Journal of Nanobiotechnology discusses the microenvironment of glioblastoma and its structure as a basis for potential immunotherapy and summarizes the carriers designed for lymph nodes targeted drug delivery.
], an autologous tumor lysate-loaded DCs vaccine, has significantly improve patients’ overall survival in both newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM in a recent phase 3 clinical trial. This is a breakthrough in immunotherapeutic strategy in the last decade. The success of DCVax-L indicates that the presentation of individualized patients-derived tumor neoantigens by DCs to T cells might be a crucial step to activate patients’ immunity.
The neoantigens released by tumor were taken by mLVs via the glial-lymphatic pathway. Subsequently, neoantigens were drained to the cLNS and activated the APC and naive T cells within them.
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Interleukin-37 is involved in the immunopathogenesis of infectious mononucleosis - Italian Journal of PediatricsBackground Multiple immunopathological responses to viruses are observed in infectious mononucleosis (IM), a manifestation of primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Protective effects of the negative immunoregulatory molecule interleukin-37 (IL-37) have been observed in various bacterial and viral infections. However, the function of IL-37 in IM remains unknown. Methods Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to determine the expression of IL-37 in the peripheral blood of patients diagnosed with IM, and the variation of lymphocyte subsets. Furthermore, the associations between IL-37 expression and the percentage of lymphocyte subgroups were analyzed. Results Patients with IM had severe immune dysfunction. The control group had a lower expression of IL-37 than the patients with IM. There were significant associations between IL-37 expression and both the proportion of CD3+T cells and the ratio of CD3+CD4+ to CD3+CD8+T cells. Patients with higher levels of IL-37 expression had lower levels of the liver inflammation indicators, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Conclusions IL-37 may affect the immune pathogenesis of patients with IM infected with EBV, and may have immunotherapeutic benefit for EBV-associated illnesses.
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Role of mitochondrial alterations in human cancer progression and cancer immunity - Journal of Biomedical ScienceDysregulating cellular metabolism is one of the emerging cancer hallmarks. Mitochondria are essential organelles responsible for numerous physiologic processes, such as energy production, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, and calcium and redox homeostasis. Although the “Warburg effect,” in which cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis even under normal oxygen circumstances, was proposed a century ago, how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cancer progression is still unclear. This review discusses recent progress in the alterations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondrial dynamics in cancer malignant progression. Moreover, we integrate the possible regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction–mediated mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathways, including mitochondrion-derived molecules (reactive oxygen species, calcium, oncometabolites, and mtDNA) and mitochondrial stress response pathways (mitochondrial unfolded protein response and integrated stress response) in cancer progression and provide the possible therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings on the role of mitochondria in the immune regulatory function of immune cells and reveal the impact of the tumor microenvironment and metabolism remodeling on cancer immunity. Targeting the mitochondria and metabolism might improve cancer immunotherapy. These findings suggest that targeting mitochondrial retrograde signaling in cancer malignancy and modulating metabolism and mitochondria in cancer immunity might be promising treatment strategies for cancer patients and provide precise and personalized medicine against cancer.
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Mining Journal 2021 Global Finance Report: Download the free excerpt
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New York City beach closed after woman suffers shark biteOfficials say this is the first confirmed shark bite on the popular Rockaway Beach in recent memory.
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