Exploring environmental viral emissions after SARS-CoV-2 Human challenge imperialcollege SSRN EnvironmentalEmissions SARSCoV2 COVID19 HumanChallenge
By Nidhi Saha, BDSDec 21 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux A recent study on Preprints with The Lancet* captured the dynamics of pre-symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 emissions and reported the extent, magnitude, and routes of viral transmission are heterogeneous, with nasal mucosa being an important source of viral transmission.
Further, identifying individuals who are contagious and when is essential for the deployment of effective preventive strategies. Of note, measuring SARS-CoV-2 viral load from upper respiratory tract swabs is useful in determining contagiousness. Nevertheless, assessing viral emissions may be more precise in ascertaining the likelihood of onward transmission and identifying the potential transmission routes.
The results demonstrated that individuals with a relatively low nasal VL expelled substantial amounts of the virus, indicating that viral emissions were useful for determining individual infectivity. Further, high symptom scores did not correspond to greater viral emissions, indicating that symptoms did not influence the amount or severity of viral emissions.
In summary, after uniformly inoculating healthy, seronegative volunteers with the virus, a high-resolution analysis revealed widespread, although heterogeneous, viral contamination of air and the surroundings. Such contamination appears to be primarily caused by the nasal epithelium. The findings confirmed the nose as the most significant channel for virus transmission. This suggests significant implications for public health messages, such as regarding face mask usage and antiviral nasal spray targets.
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